Homosexuality Inborn Trait or a Choice - 991 Words

How does one define hate? Webster defines hate as feeling hostility or animosity toward someone. Much like love, hatred is often blind, making people prone to believe things that aren’t true. Many fall victim to this reality, resulting in feelings of animosity and prejudice with little or nothing to back it up. This hatred often has to do with race, religion, gender, politics or sexual orientation. As you know one can’t just go and change his or her skin tone or gender. It isn’t as if one was asked to be white, black, Hispanic, Native American exc., nor female or male. This is just the way the person was born. Seeing it from this point of view I wonder why a person will choose to be a homosexual. It isn’t that the person was born this way,†¦show more content†¦Other researchers had previously reported that INAH3 was larger (on average) in men than in women. What he reported, based on a study of about forty brains obtained at autopsy, was that INAH 3 was also larger in straight men than in gay men. William Byne, a neuroscientist and psychiatrist who is now on the faculty at Mt. Sinai Medical Center in New York. Initially, Byne suggested that INAH3 might not even exist. If it did exist, he said, it was probably the same size in men and women. And any difference that he had found between gay and straight men was most likely due to differences in the men s cause of death, rather than their sexual orientation. (All the gay men in my study had died of complications of AIDS) Simon LeVay and Nevrve.com. This study gave some â€Å"proof† that being gay isn’t a choice but biological. That isn’t why this study was conducted. This study offers the hope that we will eventually be able to understand the origins of sexual orientation at a cellular level Simon LeVay. It is still unclear to tell if one is genetically prone to becoming a lesbian, gay, bisexual, or straight. Some researchers say it is a choice and other say it isn’t. Some homosexuals say it is a choice and others say it isn’t. Despite what they think researchers haven’t stopped their search to find out if the truth behind thisShow MoreRelatedWhat Causes Homosexuality996 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Causes Homosexuality? What causes homosexuality? There has been much debate about what causes homosexuality. Is there a gay gene? Is homosexuality caused by environmental factors, such as upbringing, child molestation, an absent mother or affectionate father? Or is it something we’re born with, an inherited trait, like skin or hair color? Although there have been few studies on the cause of homosexuality, the debate seems to be divided, with scientists in one corner and religious fundamentalistsRead MoreThe Gay Of Being A Gay1321 Words   |  6 Pagesonce. There was a time at one point where homosexuality in the US was treated as taboo as many other social subjects such as criminality. However, times, beliefs, and perspectives have changed in the general populous. In 1996, only 27% of Americans polled by Gallop showed a positive stance on gay marriage, and homosexuality in general. By May of 2015, this percentage was nearly reverse, with only 37% of the population showing a negative stance on homosexuality. Despite the recent support for homosexualsRead MoreLady Gaga Released Her Lead Single1700 Words   |  7 Pagesfemale, population identify themselves as gay, lesbian, or bisexual (Sprigg and Dailey Ch.2). Homosexuality is the desire for sexual attraction to people of one’s own gender. Throughout the years, research has been done to â€Å"prove† that people are born homosexuals, but there is no evidence as of now. Many individuals might use being a homosexual as an excuse in their daily lives. Becoming a homosexual is a choice. If an individual was born with a gay gene, that means that the parent would have to haveRead MoreThe Effects Of Prenatal Hormones On The Developing Fetus1510 Words   |  7 Pagesthe X chromosome. Though genetic tendencies for homosexuality may be passed from mothers to their children (Rahman Wilson, 2003). During human evolution, homosexuality was developed to minimize competition between males for a limited number of potential female mates (Schulling, 2004). A different possibility is that prenatal hormone levels influence the developing fetus (Levay, 2011). According to the prenatal hormonal theory of homosexuality, some male fetuses are exposed to too little testosteroneRead MoreEssay on We Need Same-sex Marriage Now1352 Words   |  6 Pageslifetime commitment of devotion, to others a promise to reside with a stranger, and even to some people as a union arranged by their parents, marriage is a widely varying ritual practiced all over the world. In the United States, marriage is a freedom of choice and an act of love, supported with benefits and privileges from the government. It has traditionally been the union of a woman and a man, made with the expectation of permanence and the aim of producing and raising offspring. Tradition, however, isRead MoreIs Treating Homosexuality Ethical and Effective1940 Words   |  8 PagesHomosexuality reorientation therapy is a controversial topic. Its effectiveness as well as the ethics invol ved stir up much debate. Since homosexuality is not an illness, The American Psychological Association reiterated the ‘long-standing official position that homosexuality and bisexuality are not mental disorders, (APA, 1998) (Slife, 2004), can it be treated? If it can, how, and under what circumstances it should be used, are important questions. Before discussing treatment, original orientationRead MoreHomosexuality - Nature or Nurture Essay2535 Words   |  11 PagesHomosexuality Nature or Nurture Have you ever wondered what creates a persons sexual preference? Is it possible that their social influences and environment can lead them to certain sexual practices and same sex relationships or could it be that some people have a genetic makeup that makes it completely natural to be attracted to members of the same sex? These questions lead us to the long-lived debate of nature or nurture. Some scientists believe that people behave as they do accordingRead MoreSexual Orientation And Identity Of An Individual2117 Words   |  9 Pagescontroversial topics in the political world. Negative stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination are eminent in the pattern behavior and value system. Sexual orientation is a type of diversity that refers to non-observable behavior and traits of people as it is opposed to visible traits which may include race and gender. The extent of the revelation of the sexual orientation in the public depends on the individuals involved. Development of human sexual orientation The development of an individual on the basisRead More The Battle Over Same-Sex Marriage Essay2181 Words   |  9 PagesLoving v. Virginia court case, in which Mildred maintains that all American’s â€Å"no matter their race, no matter their sex, no matter their sexual orientation should have the same freedom to marry† (par 14). In contrast, Barber feels that homosexuality is not an inborn trait; therefore, civil rights laws created to legalize interracial marriages are not applicable to same-sex marriage. Like Barber, many from the opposition camp feel that marriage is not an innate civil right. According to the Los AngelesRead MoreRace And Culture Within Clinical Psychology2369 Words   |  10 Pagesmaterialistic form and they strive to conform to cultural norms while showing indifference to social realities like oppression and racism (Kwate, 2005). The inborn qualities, values, goals, and desires of the African person have been replaced with those of Western cul ture, though a person will likely deny this. It can be thought of a rejection of one’s true traits and nature in an effort to remain in a mental world that is in direct conflict with reality. An excellent summary of this disorder is provided by

The Effects Of Eating Fast Food On The United States

Manh Pham Instructor H. Jackson Health 100 Nov 4, 2015 Diabetes In Vietnam, there are only a few fast food restaurants such as KFC and recently McDonald. To be honest, I didn’t eat fast food before until I came to The United States. I Overwhelmed by so many of them because fast food restaurants are located everywhere. Eating fast food is one the many reasons why American people have highest obesity rate in the world. Besides that, lack of health lifestyle, physical inactivity will lead to many deadly diseases and one of them is diabetes. In 2012, there are 29.1 million people are having a problem with diabetes and 69,071 people death which is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (Statistic about Diabetes). Diabetes can be defined as a serious long-term disease that occur when out body cannot produce enough insulin or do not regulate insulin properly so that causes the high level of glucose in the blood (Diabetes Mellitus). Glucose plays an important role in our body which requires glucose for its most paramount function s. Glucose is the main source of energy to help our body perform and process every task every day. There are many forms of diabetes, but the major forms are diabetes type I and type II. Type I mostly occur to children and teenager, so scientist call it as juvenile diabetes. Type I is caused by immune system attacks and wrongly identifies the cell within the pancreas that produce insulin; therefore, the patients will not produce insulin orShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech- Fast Food Essays865 Words   |  4 PagesFast Food Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about fast food in the United States and its effects. Central Idea: The history of fast food, the effects of eating fast food, and its effect on the United States. Introduction I. Anywhere you go, there is a good chance there will be a fast food restaurant nearby. A. It’s the easy way out of cooking dinner, or grabbing something fast because you didn’t have time to make anything. B. Fast food may taste good, but have you ever thoughtRead MoreAs Eric Schlosser Once Stated In An Interview, â€Å"Fast Food1053 Words   |  5 PagesAs Eric Schlosser once stated in an interview, â€Å"Fast food is popular because it’s convenient, it’s cheap, and it tastes good. But the real cost of eating fast food never appears on the menu.† (Interview with Eric Schlosser, 2017, Q3). Fast food is very popular around the world and has been around for a very long time, but the question that should be asked is, is fast food hurting Americans or helping them? The history of fast food did not start at the same point in time as the history of McDonald’sRead MoreHow Fast Food Affect A French Health907 Words   |  4 Pages How Fast Food Affect a French Health Over time eating has become easier than ever. United States created fast food which the main purpose was to benefit people from eating on the go and today this eating efficiently has spread all over the world. Not only U.S. joined the new eating concept, but many other countries including France. Fast food has spread all over France, and it is the second country with the largest fast food consumer. It is very surprising to see an European country as the secondRead MoreFast Foods And Fast Food1649 Words   |  7 PagesFast food is popular because it s convenient, it s cheap, and it tastes good. But the real cost of eating fast food never appears on the menu, was said by Eric Schlosser. Several people in America have become dependent on fast foods. How many of the people who eat this food actually know what is really in the food or how it was made? Others don t think about it, because within ordering, three minutes later a customer can pull up to the window, pay, and get food. It is quick and cheap. The UnitedRead MoreDon t Blame The Eater Or Should We?979 Words   |  4 Pageswithout coming across an advertisement for a fast food restaurant. It happens so often that people get persuaded to try out the new items at these places, but what the advertisement is not providing are the nutritional facts. Most of what is being promoted on television is not healthy for anyone, but people get blinded by that because the food looks appetizing and it is so easy to access. For instance you cannot travel anywhere around the United States without passing a McDonald’s, Kentucky FriedRead MoreFast Plants Lab Report1148 Words   |  5 PagesFast food or Bastard food? Figure 1: . In 2010 A cartoon by Piraro about how fast food effect pigeons which representing the people who addicted on fast food. In the 21 century, people are suffering from all kinds of diseases and over 85% of them are caused by, an unhealthy, diet. In the United States, 25% of Americans eat fast food every day, which can cause heart disease, hypertension and diabetes, starting with overweight. McDonalds, Taco Bell, Wendy’s, and Burger King are very popularRead MoreFast Food Restaurants: A Detriment to the Health of Americans833 Words   |  4 Pagesthe have eaten regularly at fast food restaurants. As the obesity rate increases, the number of fast food restaurants goes up as well. Although it is not certain, many believe that obesity in the United States is correlated to eating fast food. Since the United States has the highest obesity rate out of any country, it is important for Americans to monitor the fast food industry that may be causing obesity. With the pressure to get things done in a timely manner, fast food became a big necessity. HoweverRead MoreEssay about Fast Food is Destroyin g America1477 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide food that customers love, day after day after day. People just want more of it† (Ray Kroc, Founder of McDonald’s). Coronary Artery Disease is a type of heart disease and the most common cause of heart attacks. Plaque from eating unhealthy foods, builds up in the arteries, the arteries harden and begin to become narrow and can cause chest pain and heart attacks. â€Å"Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on healthRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic in America Essays1082 Words   |  5 Pageshas been a growing issue in the United States predominantly over the past decade. Many may argue American’s are obese because of poor food choices, over-eating, genetic disposition, lack of exercise, or the environment which one lives, while others blame it all on fast-food chains and restaurants. Throughout my research I have come to find a lot of facts a nd statistics about fast food consumption causing obesity. Statistics show that without a doubt the United States is the most obese country in theRead MoreFast Food Is A Global Phenomenon986 Words   |  4 PagesHealthy nutritious foods have been replaced by the new food mantra-JUNK food. In the context of world economy, Junk food is a global phenomenon. The availability of junk food and snacks at low prices and marketing strategies adapted by manufacturers of such as foods has triggered an evolution. The fast food has been growing constantly during the past few years. The popularity of fast food is rapidly among many people to the following three main reasons: good taste, convenient time, and price. It

Market Failure free essay sample

A key cause of climate change is the failure of the market system to efficiently allocate resources to deal with extensive negative externalities, specifically those caused by carbon – based gases polluting the atmosphere. Failure in the market system is having a extravagant impact on atmosphere. The allocation of resources is affecting the environment but more specifically the carbon based gases are polluting the atmosphere. This is resulting in global climate change. Potential solutions will be analysed throughout this essay to prevent market failure. The solutions that will be considered are environmental taxation, government regulation and trading in marketable permits e. g. carbon credit market. Market Failure Economists recognise two main types of market failure – spillovers and public goods (Jackson, McIver, Bajada 2007: 208). These types of market failure are externalities and in some cases result in over allocation of resources. Spillovers occur when some of the benefits or costs associated with the production or consumption of a good ‘spill over’ to third parties; that is, to parties other than the immediate buyer or seller (Jackson, Mciver, Bajada 2007:204). We will write a custom essay sample on Market Failure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Externalities are actions of one economic agent that have an impact on other economic agents, in either a negative or positive manner (Magill’s Choice 1999:569). Spillovers can occur under various categories for example the environment. The other type of market failure is public goods. Public goods are goods and services not provided by the market system, as they are indivisible and often not bound by the exclusion principle (Jackson, Mciver, Bajada 2007:206). Indivisible goods are goods that cannot be divided. The exclusion principle is simply consumers that don’t buy the product are excluded from the benefits. This is related to market failure as public goods are not provided by the market and some cases aren’t able to be purchased. For example, infrastructure provided by the government, it’s a good but consumers can’t purchase it but they utilise it. Spillover costs are associated with the third parties when there is no compensation. Spillover costs are closely related to climate change as there are costs associated with repairing damage enforced on the environment which affects the third party. Air pollution is one aspect of climate change that affects third parties. The pollution of resources in the atmosphere has been an ongoing issue for many years. Resources such as coal, oil and natural gas has released large quantities of carbon previously locked in underground rock layers and has increased the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide by a third (34%) since 1750 (Economist 1990). This is an example of a spillover cost where the third parties aren’t compensated for. Resources have been polluting the atmosphere for years but the third parties are unaware of it. Carbon based gases are polluting the atmosphere resulting in climate change. The global warming caused by this greater concentration of carbon in the air is producing an anticipated speed of climate change greater than anything seen for at least 10,000 years (Economist 1990). Spillover costs regarding air pollution effect the third party as everyone requires oxygen to live, as the allocation of resources around the world continues, third parties are affected by the spillover costs. When production or consumption of a commodity inflicts costs on some third party without compensation, these are termed spillover costs. An example of a spillover cost is environmental pollution. When a chemical manufacturer dumps wastes into a lake or river, swimmers, people who fish and sail, and whole communities that want a decent water supply suffer spillover costs. This diagram is an example of market failure, as it demonstrates how spillover coasts affect the allocation of resources. There is an over allocation of resources as more is supplied then what is demanded and the product is allocated. Qe the equilibrium output exceeds Qo the optimum output. The spillover cost is shown as T, which is where the externality of allocating the resource is displayed. Market failure is portrayed through this diagram as the optimum output is higher then the equilibrium resulting with spillover costs. Property rights enable the parties to place a price tag on externality through negotiation, creating opportunities for both sides. The owner of property rights can negotiate with the party causing the negative externality. The owner will seek compensation for the cost of the externality (Jackson, Mciver, Bajada 2007:209). This is another issue regarding over allocating resources, as property is a commonly held resource. The externalities involved with property rights can be good for both sides. Depending on the negotiation the owner can cause negative externality because they have property rights and can decide what to do with the property. The party involved will seek compensation for the externality but this can lead to a reduction in output. So properties are another resource where market failure can occur. Environmental taxation Environmental taxation is when the government taxes items that are effecting the environment to cover the externality cost. The government taxes mostly on carbon based emissions as they are a major contributor to the climate change. Automobiles are a major contribution to effecting the environment. As shown below cars are the highest percentage on impacting the climate. Producers and consumers of automobiles are not required to compensate those affected by the air pollution of the factory, and as a result, they face artificially low prices and produce and consume too many cars (Magill’s Choice 1999:569). This results in the private car market failing as the quantity of cars is too high and if the costs associated with air pollution were included, it would be too much. Due to this private market failing it is now the government’s job to tax automobiles to reflect the real costs involved. This then covers the costs arising from the health risks posed by pollution. Environmental taxes come in many different forms, but as a general matter environmental tax measures either impose a tax cost on some product or activity that is environmentally damaging, or they give a tax benefit to some product or activity that is environmentally beneficial (Macquarie University 2003). This is used in relation to carbon emissions in the atmosphere. It is used in the private car market as there is a tax imposed to cover the environmental damage it creates. The world carbon dioxide emissions (measured tons) are 3. 9 per capita (Jackson, Mciver, Bajada 2007:211). If the environmental taxes were implied it wouldn’t lower the worlds carbon based emissions but it would help prevent market failure. It will potentially be a solution to market failure as there will be no spillover costs. Using the automobile as an example the government will pay for the environmental related taxes or externalities then the private seller will have optimal output as well as equilibrium. Too many economists analysts, situations involving serious externalities taxes are the most effective mechanism for â€Å"getting the prices right† (Lawrence Goulder 1995:157-183). According to this â€Å"getting the prices right† theory it is verifying that taxes are effective in order to prevent market failure. Serious externalities such as climate change, taxes can be the most effective way for getting the market back to normal. Although dealing with automobiles there isn’t a way to reduce the carbon emissions there is energy efficiency solutions to other carbon gases contributors. Efficiency within house hold appliances can be controlled to reduce the greenhouse gases. It’s as simple as changing a light bulb. Just one bulb can stop up to 100kg of greenhouse gas getting into the atmosphere each year (Dave Reay 2005:59) Environmental taxes are an effective way to reduce market failure under the category of carbon based gases. The government taxes exclude the externalities in a business that has spillovers regarding the environment. To reduce the air pollution however parties can use energy efficiency around there home to bring the overall carbon dioxide emissions down. Government Regulation Government regulation is the control over entry and exit, prices, and financing with an industry (Magill’s Choice 1999:526). Regulation occurs when the government is convinced that a market failure will occur and they control the legal aspect about the business and state the consequences at hand. Regulation occurs in all types of business genres, from retail through to transport. The government can control the entry and exit of a business depending if they get the consent from the government to undergo a project. An example occurred in china where firms where applying for credits to build gas-fire power plants instead of ones that run on coal. The firms were arguing it would improve the air quality (Economist 1990). The government was hesitating on regulating this concept though because of losing valuable credits. Government regulation is a big factor regarding environmental projects as firms need the government’s approval. This can assist in reducing market failure as the firms have environmentally friendly products that don’t cause externalities. If the government approves of the business that it doesn’t cause environmental damage then there will be no spillovers, excluding market failure. Waste disposal techniques in some parts of the world are regulated to limit the waste ending up around the world. According to the European Union, e-waste is now the fastest-growing category. Last month new rules came into force in both Europe and California to oblige the industry to take responsibility for it (Economist 1990). Now in some parts of the world the government is putting the responsibility on the companies to control the waste disposal. The companies listened to the government and are now implementing recycling systems for the company to adhere to. The graph below illustrates the annual greenhouse gas emissions referring to the global figures. Household produces the most gas emissions then followed by waste and transport. This is in relation to the government regulation because if they want to impede the pollution of the atmosphere then by focusing on the highest greenhouse gas emission and regulating that will assist in cleaning up the atmosphere. Government regulation is another effective solution to preventing market failure. By focusing on the major carbon gas emissions and pursuing the categories they come under, will enable the government to regulate those topics. Also by limiting the damages businesses have on the environment will leave little to no externalities as third parties will not get involved. This will then minimise market failure as there will be no spillovers. Finally by the government enforcing laws about recycling, waste disposal etc the climate will benefit from it. Trading in marketable permits A marketable permit is a permit issued by the government which then can be bought or sold and it allows a business to discharge a certain amount of pollution. This is used in controlling the pollution escaping into the world as the companies are only allowed to dispense a certain amount. One market is the carbon credit market that specially operates with greenhouse gases. This market deals with capping greenhouse emissions and allocating them to other useful resources. This approach is used to lower the emissions and limit the amount of carbon dioxide entering the atmosphere. The demand for carbon credits comes mostly from within the ETS, from polluters who need certificates allowing them to emit carbon. There is some demand from Japan, which has a voluntary scheme, and from companies and individuals elsewhere in the world who want to offset their emissions for moral reasons, or to make themselves look good (Economist 1990). So in other words the consumers buying the carbon credits want to make their business look good so there are no externalities coming from third parties because they have proof that they are not polluting. This is an example of a carbon credit market that trades carbon – based gases. The company is called Chicago Climate Exchange and it is one of the few companies in the world that caps and trades greenhouse emissions. This graph shows the prices and volume of greenhouse gases traded. This company is effectively allocating resources to prevent market failure. They are preventing the carbon-based emissions entering the atmosphere and instead, cap and trading them. This will assist in preventing market failure for other businesses as it will enable other business to sell there greenhouse gases to companies like this and vice versa, minimising the externalities within the business. Most Efficient Approach After analyzing the solutions only two solutions would be appropriate in Australia that is the Environmental taxation and Government regulation. The environmental taxation would be efficient because there will be less market failures and less people polluting. The government regulation on the other hand will reduce the pollution to the atmosphere and also contribute to the reduction of market failure. The most efficient approach is the trading in marketable permits. This solution was assigned because it is an efficient way to allocate resources and deal with negative externalities. The externalities are limited because it is taking the externalities which are the pollutants and efficiently allocating them. This will then prevent climate change as the market system is efficiently allocating the resources. This solution however is only being used in certain parts of the world but it should be introduced all over the globe. Conclusion This essay has many conclusions about preventing market failure to better the environment. The solutions all revolve around eliminating externalities which therefore eliminates market failure. But to eliminate externalities there has to be minimal pollutants to the atmosphere.

Analyzing Issues Affecting Personal Dignity Fundamental Rights

Question: Discuss about theAnalyzing Issues Affecting Personal Dignity for Fundamental Rights. Answer: Introduction The fundamental premise for ensuring human dignity is through ensuring that the fundamental rights pertaining to each employee and executive of the organization are ensured. The presence of employment laws and regulations relating to workplace behavior has been implemented towards ensuring that none of the employees in business organization is subjected to biasness. The presence of bullying and harassment in workplace is of primary concern for issues pertaining to the dignity at work. Bullying comprises of offensive, insulting and derogatory behavior in order to violate another persons dignity. Moreover, creation of an hostile and intimidating environment can be considered as bullying. Harassment can be considered as violation of a human dignity through degrading, unwarranted humiliating and hostile conduct. The inherent nature of bullying and harassment makes them hard to recognize owing to the fact that they are not as explicit or visible as compared to other forms of distresses. Moreover, the detection of genuine cases of harassments are hard to asses resulting from the ambiguity in terms of laying down what is acceptable form of behavior and what is not. The organizational culture thrives on diversity, equitability, accountability. Therefore, presence of cases such as harassment or intimidation tends to display that the organizational culture has become dysfunctional which in turn results in large number of negative repercussions. The primary sets of negative effects comprises of adverse effect on performance, high labor turnover, rise in the level of absenteeism and poor morale. The responsibility regarding resolving of issues pertaining to harassment falls under the purview of human resource management (HRM). The primary initiative towards resolving such issues comprises of acknowledging the fact that harassment and bullying are unacceptable in the organization. The HR manager requires implementing a zero tolerance policy concerning any form of racism, harassment, bullying or unethical behaviors. Moreover, initiatives should be taken towards creating awareness regarding policies against bullying and harassments. Each employee of the organization should be assured protection from victimization. There can be many instances of compromising the dignity of an employee. Examples include derogatory remarks, racism, explicit form of partiality and favoritism, intimidation, bullying among others. Moreover, online behavior requires to be taken into consideration while evaluating instances of derogatory behavior. Implementation of guidelines regulating behavior of employees and management staffs online can mitigate risks of harassments and derogatory conduct online. It can be observed in some instances that when an aggrieved employee approaches a manager regarding harassments or bullying, the manager tends to display complicit behavior. The issue regarding the reported offensive behavior tends to be ignored by some managers or high ranked executives. Thereby, policies preventing harassments, bullying, insulting or any form of derogatory conduct requires taking into account any form of complicit behavior on the part of higher authorities such as operations managers, finance or production managers. Moreover, other forms of workplace behavior are likely to be derogatory even though not falling under bullying or harassment. Such behavior may comprise of exclusion of a team member from team-oriented tasks, biasness in providing opportunities for development or promotions and recruitments in a non-transparent manner. Thereby, through ensuring transparency in the recruitment processes along with initiating a feedback mechanism that facilitates reporting by the aggrieved employees the instance of improper and unjust behavior in an organization can be mitigated. Instances of sexual harassments or derogatory comments regarding employee along with threatening to reveal an employees sexual orientation are highly derogatory in nature and results in violating a persons dignity. Such occurrences can be prevented through constituting a sexual harassment cell preventing the victimization of an employee. Setting up standards relating to workplace behavior through organizational notifications specifying the acceptable behavior from the employees can be construed as another form of remedy regarding workplace behavior. The standards should resolve any form of ambiguity regarding acceptable and unacceptable form of behavior and clearly define relevant terms such as harassment, bullying, racism, partiality and favoritism among others. Further, assurances regarding dealing with such issues in a sensible and confidential manner can help alleviate the frequency of untoward behavior in the organization. Employees and managerial staff can be recognized for their good conduct by initiating rewarding policies. This in turn could result in setting a good example, which can be imitated by other employees of the organization. Thereby, through setting up grievance cells, encouraging good conduct in the organization and facilitating fair and confidential investigation the instances of violating a persons dignity in a organization can be prevented. References and Bibliography: Sguera, F., Bagozzi, R.P., Huy, Q.N., Boss, R.W. and Boss, D.S., 2016. Curtailing the harmful effects of workplace incivility: The role of structural demands and organization-provided resources.Journal of Vocational Behavior,95, pp.115-127. Stievano, A., De Marinis, M.G., Russo, M.T., Rocco, G. and Alvaro, R., 2012. Professional dignity in nursing in clinical and community workplaces.Nursing ethics, p.0969733011414966.

Taoism And Buddism Essays - Taoism, Reincarnation, Shabda

Taoism And Buddism Taoism and Buddhism are the two great philosophical and religious traditions that originated in China. Taoism began the sixth century BCE. And Buddhism came to China from India around the second century of the Common Era. These two religions have shaped Chinese life and thought for nearly twenty-five hundred years. One dominant concept in Taoism and Buddhism is the belief in some form of reincarnation. The idea that life does not end when one die is an integral part of these religions and the culture of the Chinese people. Reincarnations, life after death, and beliefs are not standardized. Each religion has a different way of applying this concept to its beliefs. This paper will discuss the reincarnation concepts as they apply to Taoism and Buddhism, and then provide a comparison of both. Taoism The goal in Taoism is to achieve Tao, to find ?the Way?. Tao is the ultimate reality, a presence that existed before the universe was formed and which continues to guide the world and everything in it. Tao is sometimes identified as ?the Mother?, or the source of all things. That source is not a god or a Supreme Being, as Taoism is not monotheistic. The focus is not to worship one god, but instead to come into harmony with Tao. Tao is the essence of everything that is right, and complications exist only because people choose to complicate their own lives. Desire, ambition, fame, and selfishness are seen as hindrances to a harmonious life. One can only achieve Tao if he rids himself of all desires. By shunning every earthly distraction, the Taoist is able to concentrate on the self. The longer the person's life, the more saintly the person is presumed to become. Eventually the hope is to become immortal, to achieve Tao, to reach the deeper life. This is the after life for a Taoist, to be in harmony with the universe, and to have achieved Tao. The origin of the word Tao can explain the relationship between life, and the Taoism concept of life and death. The Chinese character for Tao is a combination of two characters that represent the words as head and foot. The character for foot represents the idea of a person's direction or path. The character for head represents the idea of conscious choice. The character for head also suggests a beginning, and foot, an ending. Thus the character for Tao also conveys the continuing course of the universe, the circle of heaven and earth. Finally, the character for Tao represents the Taoist idea that the eternal Tao is both moving and unmoving. The head in the character means the beginning, the source of all things, or Tao itself, which never moves or changes; the foot is the movement on the path. Taoism upholds the belief in the survival of the spirit after death. Taoist believes birth is not a beginning, and death is not an end. There is an existence without limit. There is continuity without a starting point. Applying reincarnation theory to Taoism is the belief that the soul never dies, a person's soul is eternal. In the writings of the Lao-Tzu Te-Tao Ching, Tao is described as having existed before heaven and earth. Tao is formless, it stands alone without change and reaches everywhere without harm. The Taoist is told to use the light that is inside to revert to the natural clearness of sight. By divesting oneself of all external distractions and desires, only then can one achieve Tao. In ancient days a Taoist that had transcended birth and death, achieved Tao, was said to have cut the Thread of Life. In Taoism, the soul or spirit does not die at death. The soul is not reborn, it simply migrates to another life. This process, the Taoist version of reincarnation, is repeated until Tao is achieved. The following translation from the Lao-Tzu Te-Tao Ching summarizes the theory behind Tao and how a Taoist can achieve Tao. The Great Tao flows everywhere. It may go left or right. All things depend on it for life, and it does not turn away from them. It accomplishes its task, but dies not claim credit for it. It clothes

The Swimmer Essay Example

The Swimmer Essay Example The Swimmer Paper The Swimmer Paper Name: Course: Lecturer: Date: The Swimmer Very often people have dreams and desires concerning their lives. Most people envision how they will have a good job and raise a family. Some people manage to do this, and they end up living their fantasy. Others are not as fortunate, and they have to contend with whatever comes their way. As people go through the motions of life, they are carried away with all that is happening and they begin losing focus on the most valuable things to them. They neglect their partners, parents, or children, but they only realize the consequences of what they have done when it is too late for them to make any amends. Such is the story of Ned Merrill, in John Cheever’s story â€Å"The Swimmer†. Merrill has a wonderful life in the beginning of his marriage. However, as time passes, he encounters problems but he chooses to ignore them, realizing too late that he has no family left since his wife and daughters have abandoned him. Merrill does not realize the changing circumstances in his l ife as he is busy living the ideal life, and he chooses to downplay and ignore problems whenever he encounters them. Merrill is a typical American man living in the suburbs. He enjoys the company of his neighbors and friends, who often invite him to their parties. He enjoys mingling with people, who seem to have adopted a drinking culture. In the beginning, he drinks in almost every home he visits. However, things begin to change for him as he realizes that he no longer has the youthfulness and energy that he used to enjoy. Neighbors no longer welcome him to their homes, and there is much discussion among different people concerning his financial problems. Merrill does not understand what his neighbors are saying about him. He chooses to ignore the negative signs coming to him, including the storm that he encounters. This illustrates Merrill’s personality in refusing to deal with the problems as they happen. He refuses to see things as they are, and he instead chooses to live in his fantasy world, where he will not encounter any problems Cheever uses symbolism in the story to explain the passage of time in Merrill’s life, and the changing situation in his personal and family life. The story begins in the midsummer. People are enjoying going to parties, drinking and having fun. This represents the happy moments in Merrill’s life and marriage. There are seemingly no problems in the summer, and this shows the lack of problems in Merrill’s life. The mention of his youthful stature in the beginning is symbolic. Just like youth does not last long, neither does his happy married life, for it ends soon enough for him. The autumn begins right in the middle of summer, and Merrill cannot understand this. This shows the beginning of the fall in Merrill’s marriage. The new fall season is not a pleasant one for Merrill. It is an illustration of the problems that begin to appear in his life. However, just as he ignores the changing seasons, he ignores the changing situation in his life. Merrill begins fe eling old, and he loses his energy. This symbolizes the changed nature of his life and especially his marriage, both of which have become lackluster and lifeless Merrill chooses to ignore his problems rather than deal with them. This is symbolized in the presence of the storm in mid summer. After the storm passes, Merrill chooses to continue swimming in his neighbor’s swimming pool. He does not seem to realize any consequences of the storm. This symbolizes his lack of commitment towards dealing with the problems he is facing in his life. He has financial and marital problems, but he chooses to ignore them. He is concerned about his forgetful nature, wondering if his memory was failing or he had â€Å"disciplined it in the repression of unpleasant facts that he had damaged his sense of truth†. However, despite this thought, he does not explore it further, rather choosing to avoid facing the unpleasant truths that had happened to him. He seems oblivious of his life situations, and he cannot understand the misfortunes that the Hallorans are talking about. â€Å"My misfortunes?†¦I don’t know what you mean.† Merrill’s story is not an exception in his county. The author begins by showing how the people live in affluence. They can afford to have swimming pools in their homes, tennis courts, hold parties, and some even have horses on their property. Merrill was a wealthy man, belonging to the upper class in the society. He chose whoever he would socialize with, and he and his wife did not attend all the parties or dinners that they were invited to, unless the person inviting them was of the same social class. Because of this, they had declined to honor the endless invitations by the Biswangers because the Biswangers invited every person to their parties irrespective of their profession. His fortunes change, and Grace Biswanger describes how he â€Å"went for broke overnight-nothing but income.† As he swims in different pools, he begins noticing several changes that are telltale signs of his neighbor’s financial situation. Merrill notices that the riding ring in one of t he neighbor’s house was â€Å"overgrown with grass and all the jumps dismantled† and there were no horses. In one house, the swimming pool was drained. The Welcher’s home, much like Merrill’s home, is abandoned, and there is a sale post on it. Merrill is a man living in a fantasy and chasing a dream. He does not seem to realize what has happened to his life. He does not remember any changes that occur in his life. He has a happy beginning and he initially enjoys his life, but this does not last for long. He makes decisions that do not favor him, but which end up messing his marriage and his family. He swims through life, failing to deal with the consequences of his actions.

Ward of Arles Hospital by Vincent van Gogh Essay

Ward of Arles Hospital by Vincent van Gogh - Essay Example In order to understand this image, it is imperative that a multidimensional analysis be undertaken which includes formal, content and iconographic. Figure 1: Ward of Arles Hospital Source: http://www.vangoghgallery.com/catalog/Painting/722/Ward-in-the-Hospital-in-Arles.html 1889. Formal analysis The Ward of Ales is a painting done in application of numerous paints. This painting has been accomplished by use of short paint brushes and the oil on canvas technique. The painting contains a hospital ward scene with waiting bay outside. Some people are seen outside sited, others are standing while women dressed in nun clothes are moving and one man in a hat is leaving through the corridor. The central part of the image is a wide corridor that leads to the entrance, which is still the exit, of the hospital. On the sides, there are curtains- closing wardrooms with beds. The beds do not have any occupants. The front part contains a cylindrical object with tapped connection to the roof of the corridor with men sited in wooden table chairs around it. The wards and the corridor fit very well into the frame of the painting while the front part is slightly cut off by the frame. Its axis is vertical with a bird’s eye view of the objects. ... The colors employed in the painting are largely brown, on the floor and wooden table chairs, and blue varying from faint to deep, on the walls and the ceiling or roof. Curtains contain a light green finishing. The texture of the painting is almost smooth as depicted by Van Gogh in April 1889. The painting presents scenery of people in the hospital ward outside. The â€Å"most distinct feature of the painting† (Feldman 30) involves the central cylindrical object where men are sited around. The application of different colors on the fore ground, painting objects and the back ground produce a good balance within the painting. Image contrast is also achieved through the employment of many features which guide a viewer excellently into understanding the scene. By application of swirling paint motions especially at the front and central parts, Van Gogh creates a dynamic feeling in the painting; especially by using big lines that swirl around parts of the image. The texture appears a little rougher on the foreground while ending up smoother at the background. The combination of the hospital wards and the people in the corridors of the hospital with ceiling objects bring a harmonious existence of the objects. The painting brings forward a great sense of unity and brings a friendly feeling. Iconographic analysis Iconographic description of an image is entails imager-viewer interaction abilities. The Ward of Arles is a beautiful and one of the most important paintings on the nineteenth century. It uses complex techniques that lead to accomplishment of marvelous effects that do not seem to lose value with time. Van Gogh relies on the people and the ward in the hospital to tell a story of being hospitalized in the Ales hospital in France. Upon first

Capital Appraisal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Capital Appraisal - Research Paper Example Total Cost 14,000,000 22,400,000 28,000,000 19,600,000 9,800,000 Gross Profit (Rev-cost) 10,000,000 8,400,000 11,600,000 6,800,000 200,000 Less: Depreciation Expense (1,600,000) (1,600,000) (1,600,000) (1,600,000) (1,600,000) Net Profit/Net Loss 8,400,000 6,800,000 10,000,000 52,000,000 (1,400,000) Calculation of Cash Flow Years 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Net Income/Net Loss 8,400,000 6,800,000 10,000,000 52,000,000 (1,400,000) Add: Depreciation expense 1,600,000 1,600,000 1,600,000 1,600,000 1,600,000 Cash Flow 10,000,000 8,400,000 11,600,000 6,800,000 200,000 Present Value of Future Cash flows Years 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Interest factor 0.621 0.683 0.751 0.826 0.909 Cash Flow 10,000,000 8,400,000 11,600,000 6,800,000 200,000 Present Value 6,210,000 5,737,200 8,711,600 5,616,800 181,800 Present Value of Terminal Cash Flow $ Present Value Interest factor 0.621 Salvage Value + Working Capital 4,000,000 Present Value of Terminal Cash Flow 2,484,000 Calculation of Net Present Value $ Present Value of Cash Flows 26,457,400 Present Value of Terminal Cash Flow 2,484,000 Total Cash Flow 28,941,400 Less: Initial Investment (17,050,000) Net Present Value 11,891,400 Option 2 Initial Investment (Cash Outflow) $ Research & Development Expenditure 5,000,000 Since the manufacturing and marketing has been outsourced by Newton to another company Faraday Electricals Ltd, Newton does not have to bear any fixed or variable costs. Calculation of Income Years 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Royalty Payment (No. of Units) 880,000 1,540,000 1,980,000 1,320,000 550,000 x Royalty Payment/unit 5 5 5 5 5 Total Income 4,400,000 7,700,000 9,900,000 6,600,000 2,750,000 The income is the cash flow that will be discounted at the present value factors as... 1. Newton has three options with respect to the operation of the business. The first option is to manufacture market and sell the products itself; the second option is to outsource the entire manufacturing and marketing of the products to another company Faraday Electricals Ltd and receive royalty payments and the third option is to sell the patent rights to Faraday Electricals Ltd and receive the money from it. 2. There are many factors that should be taken into account besides the calculation of Net Present Value (NPV) before making a decision. If the payback period is calculated for option 1, it is 1.83 years which means that the initial investment is recovered in less than 2 years. Payback period for option 2 is 2.5 years and payback period for option 3 is 2.42 years. The payback period suggests that Newton should consider option 1 as it has the lowest payback period. However, payback period has its flaws which make it a less reliable method in making decisions. Firstly the payback method ignores all the cash flows that are generated after the payback period and secondly it gives equal weights to all the cash flows before the payback period despite the fact that the more distant cash flows are less valuable. IRR for option 1 is 42%, IRR for option 2 is 25% and IRR for option 3 is 26%.

19th christianity accomdodationist vs. protectionist Biblical critics Essay

19th christianity accomdodationist vs. protectionist Biblical critics - Essay Example Van Gogh and Monet painted vivid paintings, Beethoven and Chopin composed wonderful pieces, and Dickens and Dickenson wrote beautiful passages. The continuing developments in the understanding of the natural law of the world raised questions about Christianity. Historical consciousness in addition to nineteenth century advancements created a field of Biblical Critics and Protectionists, as more people looked at the occurrences in the Bible. ‘Accommodationist’ held the position that Christianity must change in a way that reflects advances in science, philosophy, and biblical scholarship. ‘Protectionist’ held that Christianity had no obligation to change, and Christianity must be protected from the challenges that scholarship presents. Both sides had many scholars. This paper looks at the accommodation view held by Strauss versus the protection view held by A.A. Hodge and B.B. Warfield. Strauss believed the essence of Christianity was true, but critically disagreed with many important tenets of the faith. â€Å"To all, belief, not built on demonstration, doubt is inherent, though it may not be developed†¦.just as the believer is intrinsically a skeptic or critic, so on the other hand, the critic is intrinsically a believer† (Strauss, 157). Strauss stated the Bible came into its being through mythical means. He believed that Jesus unified God and humanity. However, Jesus did not perform miracles. Instead, the stories of Jesus’ miracles were added to the Bible through orally transmitted stories that by the time the disciples wrote the New Testament were showing that Jesus had disobeyed natural laws. â€Å"The mythical view once admitted, innumerable, and the never otherwise to be harmonized, discrepancies and chronological contradictions in the Gospel histories disappear, as it were at one stroke† (Strauss, 56). Strauss claimed that mysticis m appeared throughout the Bible. Strauss claimed mysticism created Jesus’

spider :: essays research papers

First discovered in 1900, little was known about the happy-face spider until 1972. The obviously named happy-face spider is a small spider found in the native rainforests of the islands Maui, The Big Island of Hawaii, Oahu and Molokai at elevations of 1000 to 6000 feet. Typically around a quarter of an inch long, its diet consists of small insects that it hunts mainly during the night for small insects. They spin their webs on the undersides of leaves of specific plants and usually avoid contact with humans or other potentially danger animals, although only birds present a natural threat. Humans present a possible danger due to loss of habitat to agriculture, but the population is apparently healthy. The happy-face spider’s most admired feature is its bright yellow coloring and a strange pattern of red and black spots on the abdomen. These spots vary widely from spider to spider, making them of interest to scientists who have hypothesized that the different spots provide camouflage against birds and other predators. Strangely enough, the red and black spots, combined with the yellow body, tend to make the spider's abdomen look like the widely known yellow smiley face. The expressions on the abdomen of the spider can range from sad, happy, and excited, to bored or angry. Though individuals differ extremely in their color patterns, these differences are evenly distributed, with the same ratio of Yellow forms to Red front forms in every population, regardless of its separation from the others. Mating experiments reveal that the genetic mechanism for achieving these similar color morphs is different on each island. Results for the Maui spiders reveal a more simple system of genetic control where the individual, regardless of sex, will be colored according to a single gene. On Hawaii, however, it is apparent that two genes determine the color morph, with pairs of color forms restricted to one sex or the other.

Chapter: research methodology Essay

The research was conducted using questionnaires as the main tool of data collection. Questionnaires were used for the research mainly because the research focused on areas and questions that could not be put across verbally through interviews. Advantages of using questionnaires. Questionnaires have the advantage of privacy and secrecy. They were chosen for the research because of the nature of the subject of research (Furedi 2007). Terrorism is a phenomenon that does not go well with many people in Yemen especially after the 2006 attack. Through the use of questionnaires, the researcher is able to be guaranteed honest and true answers unlike other methods of data collection. A total of 304 replies were received from the people. This was a good number and showed that many respondents appreciated the subject of research. Questionnaires are also used because they are easy to be used by the respondents. The type of language used in the questionnaires is simple and easy to understand. Many respondents tend to prefer the usage of questionnaires as they give them ease in trying to answer the questions posed to them (Toolis 2005). They also enjoy the advantage of giving the respondent time to reflect on what they had forgotten and give an answer that they think is right rather than being rushed into giving answers without reflecting on them or without being given time to think. If a respondent is given time to research and reflect on what he/she had forgotten, chances are that he/she is likely to give informed answers, opinions and vies. Disadvantages of questionnaires. In some circumstances, questionnaires could be of demerit to both the researcher and the respondent. Some questions in the questionnaires need explanations by the researcher. Such explanations are normally not accessible as the researchers are always not within reach. Such interruptions may cause the respondent to give information that is not related to the questions asked as a result of misinterpretation of the questions. If such a scenario occurs, the researcher is bound to lose out in the area in which the question was asked and decide either to leave it out or conduct the session again. The other disadvantage of questionnaires is that, they need time for the exercise to be a success. Drafting of the questions, sending the questionnaires to the respondents, filing of the questionnaires and sending them back to the researcher will take some time which would have been used in other useful areas concerning the research. It is evident that respondents will tend to take some time before responding to the questionnaires posted or delivered to them. The other disadvantage is that when using questionnaires, they are bound to get lost or get into wring hands (Furedi 2007). When they are posted by the respondents, they might get lost along the way and not reach the researcher at all. In some cases, they may get into wrong hands thus exposing what was meant to be privacy between the researcher and the respondent. Such cases could lead to breach of contract as the respondent might have been promised that whatever he/she says will be confidential to the two of them. On the other hand, the information contained in the questionnaires might also be distorted before it reaches the researcher. This could also lead to misrepresentation of the information by the researcher thus leading to wrong conclusions and false recommendations about the subject matter in discussion. Secondary Sources of data collection. A variety of sources were used in data collection for the research. Such sources included the CNY’s post-incidence report, documents which as scholarly in nature, government press releases and agencies, the Internet, CNY intranet and other sources that were deemed fit for the research (Cachon 2007). Secondary sources of data collection were used mainly to boost the outcomes of the literature review. The fear of crime and terrorist attacks were addressed partially by the secondary sources rather than the primary sources. There is information that could not be found using primary sources of data collection. This information included the history of terrorist attacks in Yemen and other relevant past accounts in as far as terrorism is concerned. Books and journals were used closely as they were viewed as the most reliable and important sources of data collection. The Internet came in especially where previous researches were to be used in the writing of the literature review and other sections of the research. Scholarly materials were used especially where there was need to compare the views of other scholars against those in the research. Such views were so helpful as they gave direction and focus to the research in situations where it thought to be going out of way (Cachon 2007). How to prevent terrorism, how terrorism has been dealt with in the past, how other countries react to terrorism, the effect of terrorism among other issues were addressed by the secondary data. It is therefore important to say that secondary data could not be ignored in any way by the research. How the research was tackled. When determining on how th research was to be conducted, issues such as accessing the target, the cost of the research and the time available for the research were taken into consideration. The method of conducting the research was one that was intended target the whole CNY’s employees working in Yemen, as well as direct contractors working for CNY. This gave an approximate target of about one thousand employees for the research. The operating structure in Yemen was broken into two field based facilities, a storage terminal on Yemen’s coast and a head office situated in Sana’a (Lakdawalla 2004). The four locations were part of the population that was targeted by the research. The research tackled the intended research problem through the use of survey research, reinforced by interviews and research that also in the archives. Such a wide field allowed the researcher to gather information that was all inclusive and representative. More and more survey data was gathered by the use of a CNY intranet, questionnaires that were self completed, interviews that were face to face and other sources that were aimed at reinforcing the quantitative data gathered with qualitative data and information available. Due to the nature of the facilities and the number, it was imperative to design an intranet based questionnaire for the purposes of data collection and analysis. It was believed that all of the population in CNY had access to the company’s intranet, thus making it a more convenient and reliable tool for data collection and analysis. It main advantage was that a large population of people was able to be reached at a relatively low cost. Questionnaire design. During the construction of the questionnaire, several elements were taken into consideration by the researcher (Chapman 2000). The process was to decide the questions that were to be asked, the wording and sequence of the questions in their precision an also the simplicity and complexity of the questions and wording. The questions were phrased in such a way that respondents found them easy to understand and comprehend with the aim of them not affecting the responses from the respondents. The questionnaires were also made anonymous to the respondents as a result of the cultural sensitivity in Yemen. All the same, there was a section to be completed regarding whether the respondents preferred to be interviewed and if so, contact details were completed by the researcher. It was however found out that respondents were more than willing to take part in the research especially after being assured that the information they provided would be treated in confidence and that they would remain anonymous. Selection and sampling of the respondents. Members from each department were selected and included both the Yemeni and the expatriates (Chapman 2000). They were both asked separately if they were willing to have an interview that was face to face. A formal letter describing the objectives and the purpose of the research was mailed to those members that were selected for the research. The rest of the targeted population was emailed with the same letter describing why the research was being conducted. Interviews were also done thereafter as they tend to offer the possibility of the researcher modifying the line of questioning, then following up with interesting lines of investigation in a way that other forms of data collection methods cannot (Chapman 2000). A structured interview of about 45 minutes was conducted as part of the research collection procedure. The interviews were recorded o both tape and in note form. Due to the nature of the Yemeni culture that discourages recording of interviews, note had to be taken as a cushion to the same. This was done for the Yemeni nationals and not for the expatriates. An email reminder was send to the population that was targeted two weeks after the questionnaires had been distributed. The reminders were repeated after three weeks with the aim of ensuring that all the positions intended were covered. In order to avoid problems with the questionnaires and the interview design, the questions were piloted on a small sample of the population that was similar to the main surveys respondents. Problems encountered in the Research. There were various problems encountered during the research. Problems included those that were encountered during the process of the research and those that came up during the compilation of data and analysis. One of the problems was the difficulty in convincing people that the questionnaires and the interviews were meant for research purposes and not any other hidden agenda (Pun 2002). A number of the targeted population were a little bit concerned about the intention of the research. Given that terrorism is a sensitive area of discussion especially in the public domain, it turned out to be very difficult to drive the point home. The fear associated with terrorism made many people shun away from the topic thus leaving the researcher with very little option (Lowry 2002). There was also the problem of finding the needed information. Due to the nature of the Yemeni culture, many respondents were not free enough to give information that they thought was right. They would give information that they thought could go well with what the questions required and not the real and true position on the ground. This problem led to some information being discarded as it was vetted and found out that it was unrealistic and not practical. The opinion of the respondents could change and even contradict depending with the type of method collection tool used. This was noticed in cases where both the questionnaires and interviews were used on one respondent at different times for data collection. The problem of time was also an issue. The research was to be done within a specific period of time. This time was short considering the nature of the research that was being done. The respondents were far from each other and this needed time to be able to reach all of them for the research. The process of data compilation and analysis took a lot of time due to the fact that three hundred and four replys were to be analysed. The analysis also required some data to be run using the SPSS program which was not familiar with the researcher. Consultations had to be made with the experts in SPSS and other people who had a thorough understanding of what the program was all about (Lowry 2002). This also took some time thus affecting the time scheduled for data analysis. As a result, some of the processes of data analysis were crushed so that some of the time could be used for running of data and generation using the SPSS program (Kumar 2008). The issue of bureaucracy also posed a problem during the research. Getting permission from the relevant authorities which included CPF, BAKPF, the head office at Sana’a and the terminal facility was so difficult. Letters had to be written by the university time and again but still the management found it hard to allow the researcher to go ahead with the research. It was only after several negotiations and pleading that finally the request was granted. The top management feared the fact that the research was aimed at inciting the employees in matters related to terrorism. The effect of the 2006 attack by the terrorists was still fresh in people’s minds and it was feared that any mention of the term terrorism would trigger an atmosphere of fear and animosity. Analysis and Results. The data collected was analysed independently for each of the four CNY locations in Yemen. Different procedures and target hardening initiatives were deployed at each location to meet the specific threat. Separate analysis of each location was used to identify issues that were unique to each one of them as it would be easier to make specific recommendations for each location in terms of improvement (Lowry 2002). Data from national and expatriate employees also analysed independently with the aim that separate analysis would make it easier to identify any cultural and social differences that could arise between the employees and the fear of crime. The CNY information technology department will be made use of in transferring data from the intranet to the analysis software. The researcher involved in this research was a working for CNPY at he main field facility. The rotation was in five weeks’ work at Yemen and five weeks’ vacation in the United Kingdom. The rotation was meant at necessitating god planning to ensure that all relevant data input was complete and accessible during the duty. Al the employees in Yemen work in a similar rotation and so it was vital to ensure that all the back to back positions had access to the intranet with the aim of enabling the completion of the questionnaires (Metz 2006). The work rotations also had their own advantages which included the reduction in the cost of transportation as CNT transport and internal flights would be used by the researcher. There was also the advantage of completing all the research on time and also the fact that data analysis, compilation and writing up of findings would be done during the vacation. The researcher had a back to back in Yemen who could assist with the sending of the late data from the questionnaires in the unlikely event that it would be necessary.

Freeze Tag Drama Class Improv Game

Freeze Tag Drama Class Improv Game The Basics Freeze Tag (also known simply as Freeze) is an improvisation game and a great drama exercise for performers at any level. It works best in groups of eight or more. Two volunteers step onto the stage while the rest of the actors sit and wait for the right moment to join in. I Need a Location As with most improv activities, audience participation is essential. The actors on stage will request suggestions for a specific location. If this is a classroom exercise, the drama instructor should encourage the audience to be creative with their suggestions. For example, Stuck inside a giant vending machine or In the break room of Santas Workshop is far more inspiring than Shopping mall. The performers listen to a few of the suggestions. They then quickly select an interesting setting and the scene begins. The goal of the actors is to invent characters and dialogue off the cuff. They should quickly establish a storyline and conflict. Also, they should be encouraged to move about the stage space, pantomiming whatever they wish to incorporate into the scene. Calling Freeze! After the actors have been given enough time to create an interesting situation, the performers sitting in the audience can now participate. All they need to do is shout, Freeze! The actors on stage will then stand motionless. Whoever called out freeze enters the stage space. He or she takes the place of one of the actors, recreating the exact same pose. This can sometimes be challenging if the actor happens to be in a ballet position or crawling on all fours. But thats part of the fun! Keep It Going A brand new scene begins with a different setting and different characters. No more suggestions are taken from the audience. Instead, it is up to the performers to invent the situation. Drama instructors should ask students to let the physical positions influence the storyline of the next scene. For example, if one set of performers is frozen while in the middle of a tug of war contest, the next scene could take place at an Amish barn raising. Also, instructors should make certain that each scene is given enough time to develop. Usually, two or three minutes is ample time to establish character and conflict. At first, improvisation activities might be very challenging for unseasoned performers. Yet, we often played these sorts of games when we were children. Remember: Improvisation is simply an advanced form of playing pretend.

Shakespeares Ultimate Valentines Day Poem

Shakespeares Ultimate Valentines Day Poem Are you looking for the most romantic Valentine’s Day poem ever? Then look no further than Shakespeare’s greatest, most heart-tingling sonnet. It’s perfect for a Valentine’s Day poem! We are of course talking about Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day? ... considered by many to be the greatest love poem ever written. Sonnet 18: The Ultimate Valentines Day Poem The sonnet’s reputation is well deserved because of Shakespeare’s ability to capture the essence of love so cleanly and succinctly in only 14 lines. He compares his lover to a beautiful summer’s day and realizes that while summer days may fade and fall into Autumn, his love is eternal. It will last all year round – year in, year out – hence the famous opening lines of the poem: Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summers lease hath all too short a date: (...) But thy eternal summer shall not fade. Why not copy out the full text from the link below and leave it under a loved one’s pillow this Valentine’s Day? Here are the only two links you need this Valentine’s Day: Sonnet 18 - Read the full textSonnet 18 – A study guide to help you better understand the poem If you are looking for something shorter, then our list of the top 10 Shakespeare love quotes will surely set your heart aflutter.

Three Gorges Dam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Three Gorges Dam - Essay Example The whole project is generally a hydroelectric engineering power generator constructed along Yangtze River; the longest river in China which runs across half of the land, horizontally into the Pacific. The project is the world’s biggest power station as far as installed capacity (22,500MW) is concerned. In addition, Three Gorges Dam is the 2nd biggest functional hydroelectric project in regard to annual energy production, generating in 2012 over 98.1Twh plus 83.7 Twh last year (Trouw, 2014). The idea of building a huge dam on River Yangtze was initially the brainchild of Sun Yat-Sen in 1919.He envisioned a dam with a capacity of producing 22 GW of power being feasible downstream Three Gorges. The government, in 1932, under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek started preliminary plans on the Three Gorges. Japanese military occupied Yichang in 1939 and began surveying the area. The Otani plan design for the dam was finished in expectation of a possible defeat of China by Japanese. Engineer John Savage of US bureau of reclamation in 1944 designed a proposal of the dam project paving way for 54 Chinese engineers to leave for US to receive specialized training. The initial concept was for the dam to be utilized for unique movement of ships; however the project was stopped in 1947 due to Chinese Civil war. The project was in 1949 supported by Mao Zedong, though he started Gezhouba Dam. The idea would re-emerge in 1980s and finally the approval came from the National People†™s Congress in 1992.Construction of the dam started in earnest in 14th of December 1994 and was expected to be complete and fully operational by 2009.However, additional projects like the underground power facility with 6 extra generators delayed complete operations till the May of 2012(Trouw, 2014). The project has come with its own share of controversy. In 1958, for instance, engineers who spoke negatively

Slavery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Slavery - Essay Example The story of Equiano demonstrates the inhumane situation of the slaves and the acceptance by slaves the white racial theories. In the middle of the XVII England has been shaken by the political crisis because of Oliver Cromwell revolution. The Putney Debates of 1647 revealed the English Revolution as an abolishment movement, a 1659 Parliamentary debate on slavery and the â€Å"free-born Englishman†, held on the eve of the restoration of Charles II and the Stuart monarchy, marked a counterrevolutionary reversal (Linebaugh, 132). The Putney Debates between Thomas Rainborough and Henry Ireton raised the questions of the struggle for the commons and struggle against slavery. Domestic wars and conflicts led to appearance of the new slavery forms in England: white slaves in Barbados, slavery in West Africa, Jamaica. Irish radicals and foes were sent by Oliver Cromwell to the Barbados, in the 1649 British merchants ordered the construction of a trading fort on the Gold Coast. The ski n color wasn’t decisive for the slavery - it was a matter of the profit for the merchants and elites. And Equiano in his autobiography gave us great example when even in the mid of the XVIII century there was an incident during the way through the ocean, when â€Å"one white man in particular I saw, when we were permitted to be on deck, flogged so unmercifully with a large rope near the foremast, that he died in consequence of it: and they tossed him over the side as they would have done a brute† (Equiano, 423). The interracial co-operations were not solitary: for example, Africans and Irish conspired together in plots of 1675, 1686, 1692 and alliance between slaves and servants was what planters feared most of all (Linebaugh, 126). The slavery began to acquire the racial shade in the 1670s. The resistance of plantation workers exploded in 1675-1676 in Virginia. There were two uprisings. The first one began in 1675 and was a war for land by freedmen and small farmers a gainst Indians and a portion of the colonial ruling class in Virginia. The second one was a war against slavery, waged by servants and slaves. After rebellion the planters charged the governor with restraining â€Å"any inhumane severity which by ill masters or overseers may be used toward Christian servants† (Linebaugh, 137). And the result of this rebellion was legislation in 1682 that provided â€Å"all servants not being Christians, being imported into this country by shipping† should be servants for twelve years, instead European servants – for five years. Of course, this legislation was directed toward the Africans. The defeats of the servants and slaves that was detailed represented in the â€Å"The Many-Headed Hydra†, became the reason why the elites, nobles, â€Å"whites† began to establishing new rules that had aim to discriminate the rebels and to justify himself. From the 1670s legislation was enacted to protect and Christians, â€Å"w hite† people (Linebaugh, 139). Rulers from the England, merchants and planters dispossessed tens of thousands more in Ireland, Barbados, West Africa and Virginia and made the slavery of Atlantic capitalism (Linebaugh, 141). Indeed, the masses of cheep labour in the America and Europe created the possibility to very fast enrichments. Slaves were very good investments. The people from the lowest classes had no wealth, they had no property. The capitalists wanted to control them,

The Third Sector and Public Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Third Sector and Public Policy - Essay Example 375). According to Kendall and Knapp (2000, p. 12), the term the Third Sector can also be defined as the range of institutions that occupy the space between the private sector and the government or State; they are neither private sector nor public sector. The third Sector includes registered charities, trusts, social co-operatives and enterprises, voluntary groups, and the local community among others. Even though the Third Sector organizations exist in varying dimensions and entities, there are three main characteristics that unite the Third Sector (Alcock, 2010, p. 7). The first characteristic is that these organizations are value- driven; that is, certain desires motivate them to achieve social, economic and political goals such as the environment well- being, public welfare improvement, and economic well- being. It is noteworthy that this characteristic rarely seeks to distribute profit but seeks to improve the overall welfare of the society. The second characteristic is that the se organizations usually reinvest any generated surpluses in order to facilitate the pursuit of their goals. That is why they are considered not- for profit organizations. The last main characteristic of these organizations is that they are independent from the government explaining why they are mostly referred as non- governmental organizations (Keane, 2001, p. 18-19). The Third Sector differs from the state and the market in a number of ways. Anheier, et al (2001, p. 24) note, their differences arise fundamentally from how Third Sector organizations are formed, their values, the scope of their activities, source of funding, and their objectives. To begin with, this essay will focus on what distinguishes the Third Sector from the State. The first distinction between the two entities is in regard to their range of provision; the state has a wide range of provisions while the Third Sector organizations have limited range of service provisions. For instance, whereas the state can offe r numerous public services, the Third Sector organizations can offer specific services such as social housing and personal social care. It should also be noted that in some cases, the services offered by the Third Sector organizations are usually outsourced to them by the state. The state seeks to provide more space to the Third Sector so as to increase the Sector’s capacity to provide services that were previously provided by the public sector (Kramer, 2000, p. 20). Towards this end, the Third Sector is seen to have potential in making contribution in the following areas; social and health care services, educational services, children services, and correctional services among others. The second distinguishing factor between the Third Sector and the state is the scale of funding. It is an undisputable fact that the state has far much funding for its services compared to the Third Sector. This can be attributed to the fact that the state collects revenues in form of taxes whic h is usually in large amounts which help it to fund its expenditure in regard to provision of services (Anheier et al, 2001, p. 13). This is totally different from the scale of funding that the Third Sector has; the Sector has small amount of financial resources to provide the required services. This problem is heightened by the fact that the Third Sector is not- for- profit organizations hence limiting their amount of revenues.

Focus on the learner Essay Example for Free

Focus on the learner Essay A. Learner’s profile Virginia is a 29-year old native Spanish speaker born in Madrid. She is currently studying a professional training course and works as an animal caretaker. She is one of the A2 or Elementary proficiency level students of the Celta Teacher Training Program at International house Language School. She took part of the same program two years ago, but she didn’t continue studying English afterwards. Virginia studied English in primary and secondary school following a traditional teaching method, which used grammar as the starting point and foundation, for the development of all language skills — speaking, listening, writing, and reading, however there was relatively little focus on speaking and listening. As reported by Virginia, she was exposed to explicit information about the structure of the language and to rules that she had to internalize through repetitions and direct translation with little or no opportunity of participating in activities that encourage meaningful communication. This situation hindered the development of her speaking skills, and made her fail in her attempts to attain the necessary fluency and confidence to successfully communicate in English during her trips abroad. Knowledge of grammar without meaningful practice of the language is ineffective, as Jim Scrivener says: â€Å"There is no point knowing a lot about language if you can’t use it (which sadly, has been the experience of many language learners in the past – able to conjugate a verb, but unable to respond to a simple question)† (Scrivener, 2005; 146) As a result of the different frustrating situations she had to face when trying to make herself understand in foreign countries, and due to her love for travelling, she developed an intrinsic motivation to study English. She thinks English is a lingua franca that opens doors to other cultures, on the contrary, she doesn’t have any extrinsic motivation as she doesn’t need to speak English for any other purposes than socializing and travelling. She is a participative student who has never missed a class. Her favorite  activities are the ones that foster speaking skills, especially role-plays or discussions in groups, because they give her the opportunity to interact with her classmates and communicate in real time about real or similar to real life situations. Virginia’s learning style is visual; a technique she uses in order to spell words is seeing the words in her head and she can better understand and remember explanations by writing them down or looking at pictures and diagrams She claims that one of her strengths is her knowledge of grammar rules associated with verbs conjugation; specifically the use of simple present and present continuous and adds that writing is the easiest among the four language skills, because writing tasks provide enough time to brainstorm and choose the correct language to express her ideas. Among her weaknesses she mentioned her lack of fluency, because she has not time to think on the grammar rules when she speaks, especially when talking about a past event, as she hardly ever knows whether the verb she wants to use is regular or irregular. B. Language problems and Solutions Analyzing Victoria’s output in class I could notice that she has two evident language problems; one of them is the use of simple past of irregular verbs, and the other one is the differentiation of the vowel sounds /aÉ ª/ and /É ª/. I find these problems in the grammar and pronunciation areas very interesting to analyze, because both of them are very common in Spanish native speakers learning ESL, therefore, finding engaging and interesting activities to overcome them could be helpful in similar cases in the future. Examples and solutions for the student’s language problems in the different areas are exposed below: Grammar: Virginia struggles with using irregular verbs in the past  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I ´m learning to surf. I buyed a surfboard. I ´m loving it although Im not very good.† â€Å"The teacher who teach me English when I was a child was not  strict† â€Å"I lose the train this morning† (neither the correct word has been chosen in this case â€Å"miss†, however, I only focus on the verb) In order to help Virginia with her problem in this grammar area, I have decided to use the activities of the lesson â€Å"Girls’ night out†; unit 5, pages 56 and 57 of the Elementary student’s book â€Å"New English File†, Oxford University Press. The subject of the lesson revolves around a group of young female journalist for a famous women’s magazine who are asked to go out for the evening with her girlfriends, and then write a report about their experiences. The topic is engaging, as it suits Virginia’s age, gender, interest (tackles some cultural matters of different countries) and is quite close to her cultural background, considering that Spaniards are very sociable and much of their life is lived in the streets. The material exposes the student to the structure through reading, listening and speaking activities. Virginia will have to deduce which are the past tense of a set of irregular verbs from the text in order to do exercise 3A. Grammar (look at the reports again and find the past tense of these irregular verbs), and then listen and practice the pronunciation of the verbs in exercise 3. B (listen and check, practice saying the verbs). She will also have the opportunity to fill in sentences with the correct form of the same irregular verbs in exercise 3C 1 and listen these verbs within a meaningful context in exercises 4 B and C (Listen to Silvia talking about their girls’ night out). In terms of speaking, the student will have to use the simple past of irregular verbs in the exercise 5C (Think about the last time you went out with friends, look at the questions and plan your answers) Virginia will have plenty of opportunities to see and use the target language as in real life communication. 1: This exercise send the student to the explanation on page 130 (5C) and to the exercise on page 131 (5C) Pronunciation Virginia struggles with discriminating the /aÉ ª/ and /É ª/ sounds. : â€Å"I filled in a registration form for a diving school†: /ˈdÉ ªvÉ ªÃ…‹/ â€Å"The school has wifi† /ˈwÉ ª fÉ ª/  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The school has a library†: /ˈlÉ ªbrÉ™ri/ To help her to differentiate the pronunciation of the vowel sounds /aÉ ª/ and /É ª/. I have chosen the lesson â€Å"Wine, win†, unit 5 of the book â€Å"English Pronunciation in use†, Cambridge University press; pages: 30 and 31. Besides providing explanatory pictures of mouth modulation for a better pronunciation (Section A and B), it offers exercises that focus exclusively on the different pronunciation of minimal pairs, which usually confuse nonnative speakers, as Spanish does not differentiate between long and short vowels. Minimal pairs effectively facilitate pronunciation acquisition. â€Å"When learners compare and contrast discrete sounds in the environment presented in minimal pairs, the importance of these sounds in denoting word meaning is transferred to their mind naturally. Experience shows that ―pronunciation classes†¦ make students more conscious of their own pronunciation and aware of ways in which their pronunciation differs from the model offered† (Rajadurai, 2001: 14) Virginia will have to spot the /aÉ ª/ sound among minimal pairs in exercise A and the /É ª/ sound in exercise B. The student will also have to discriminate and identify the words that have the/aÉ ª/ or the /É ª/ vowel sounds in exercise 11.1. (Make words with these beginnings and endings and write them in the correct part of the table) and in the exercise 11.2 (Read the dialogue. Circle the sound /aÉ ª/ and underline the/É ª/). Despite the fact that this material doesn’t approach pronunciation within a context similar to real life, it offers a lot of practice opportunity, which in my opinion as a nonnative speaker of English is essential for the reason that Spanish phonological system is significantly different from that of English, particularly in the aspects of vowel sounds. Conclusion Virginia’s English lesson at school were focused on talking about the language rather than on talking in the language; as a result, we can deduce that she was not exposed to proper and useful input since these type of classes do not require that teachers be experts or even fluent in the  language. However, her motivation, along with the use of relevant and meaningful materials as the ones presented in this essay can help her to improve her language skills and attain proficiency in English as a result. References Hancock, M (2003) English Pronunciation in Use. Cambridge University Press. Oxenden, C, Latham-Koening, C and Seligson, P. New English File, Elementary Student (2007). Oxford University Press. Scrivener, J (2005) Learning Teaching, A guidebook for English Language Teachers. Second Edition. Macmillan Books for Teachers. Rajadurai, J. (2001). An investigation of the effectiveness of teaching pronunciation to Malaysian TESL students MacMillan Dictionary : http://www.macmillandictionary.com/

Mercury :: essays research papers

Mercury   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mercury is the closest planet to the sun. It’s average distance from the sun is approximately fifty-eight million km and it’s diameter is 4875 km, making it the second smallest planet in our solar system. It’s volume and mass are about 1/18 that of the earth and it’s average density is approximately equal to that of the earth. Mercury’s magnetic field is one-hundred times weaker than that of Earth’s. Mercury has the shortest revolution of all the planets in our solar system and revolves around the sun in about eighty-eight days. Radar observations of the planet show that its period of rotation is 58.7 days, or two-thirds of its period of revolution. That means that Mercury has one and one-half days in it’s year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mercury doesn’t have an atmosphere, but it does have a thin layer of helium. The helium is actually solar wind that is trapped by Mercury’s weak gravity. Scientists think that collisions with protoplanets early in the history of the solar system may have stripped away lighter materials, making Mercury a very dense planet with an iron core extending outwards 4/5 of the way to the surface.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mercury bares a very similar resemblance to our moon because it has a lot of craters. The craters, which cover seventy-five percent of Mercury’s surface, were formed by huge rocks that smashed into the planet’s surface. The largest crater is called the Caloris Basin and it is 1400 km in diameter and is flooded with molten lava. Mercury also has many cliffs that are usually over 300 miles long and two miles high. The rest of the planet’s surface is smooth and may have been formed by lava flowing out of cracks in the surface.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Temperatures on Mercury vary greatly because of it’s closeness to the sun. The surface temperature on the sunlit side is about 430 degrees Celsius, while the dark side may reach temperatures of -170 degrees Celsius..   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mercury was a difficult planet to study before the invention of the telescope. Even then, you could only see Mercury in the morning and evening. Then the Mariner 10 was built in the 1970’s to go observe Mercury.

Policing and the Constitution

The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution states: Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets out requirements for search warrants based on probable cause. This amendment impacts law enforcement because police need a warrant to make arrests and searches. This is not applicable if the officer has first-hand knowledge of an event and the evidence is likely to be destroyed or the subject will abscond if time is taken to get a warrant. If a warrantless search is made by the police that should have been made only after a warrant was issued, then all knowledge gained by that evidence is not allowed in testimony. The Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution states: Set out rules for indictment by grand jury and eminent domain, protects the right to due process, and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy. This means that the officer does not determine innocence or guilt. She or he only determines probable cause of belief of guilt. Also, an officer cannot force a person to bear witness against himself. If a person is tried and a verdict is given, that person cannot be tried again. Accused persons cannot be forced to say anything. Eminent domain is the power of a government to take private property for public use, usually with compensation paid to the owner. The Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution states: Protects the right to a fair and speedy public trial by jury, including the rights to be notified of accusations, to confront the accuser, to obtain witnesses and to retain counsel. This means the subject has the right to counsel before, during, and after questioning. Should the subject request the presence of an attorney, questioning should cease until counsel arrives. Probable cause is one of the fundamental protections built into the criminal justice system by the founding generation of the United States. Probable cause is the standard by which an officer or agent of the law has the grounds to obtain a warrant for, or as an exception to the warrant requirements for, making an arrest or conducting a personal or property search, etc. when criminal charges are being considered. This term comes from the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The exclusionary rule is a rule in which any evidence that is obtained in violation of the accused’s rights under the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments, as well as any evidence derived from illegally obtained evidence, will not be admissible in criminal court. The exclusionary rule has been controversial for decades because many people believe that it is unconstitutional and not helpful the finding the truth in criminal proceedings. The name fruit of the poisonous tree is thus a metaphor: the poisonous tree is evidence seized in an illegal arrest, search, or interrogation by law enforcement. The fruit of this poisonous tree is evidence later discovered because of knowledge gained from the first illegal search, arrest, or interrogation. The poisonous tree and the fruit are both excluded from a criminal trial. The fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine is an offspring of the exclusionary rule. The Miranda rights, also known as Miranda warning, is a warning given by police in the United States to criminal suspects in police custody before they are interrogated to preserve the admissibility of their statements against them in criminal proceedings. Your Miranda rights are your rights as per being under arrest. If you are not under arrest they may detain you, but cannot lock you up unless by reasonable evidence they can prove that you are guilty of the crime in which they would more than likely arrest you. Questioning is not a reasonable excuse to lock you up without circumstantial evidence. They do not need to notify you unless they search your property, or person in which they would need a warrant and also do not need notification with accurate evidence against you. Your Miranda warning reads as followed: You have the right to remain silent. If you give up that right, anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to speak with an attorney and to have an attorney present during questioning. If you so desire and cannot afford one, an attorney will be appointed for you without charge before questioning. An arrest is the taking into custody of a citizen for the purpose of detaining him or her on a criminal charge. Frisking is a search of a person’s outer clothing wherein a person runs his or her hands along the outer garments to detect any concealed weapons or contraband. A stop takes place when a law enforcement officer has reasonable suspicion that a criminal activity is about to take place. An interrogation is the direct questioning of a suspect to gather evidence of criminal activity and to try to gain a confession. A custodial interrogation occurs when a suspect is under arrest or is deprived of his or her freedom in a significant manner. A reading of the Miranda warning is only required before a custodial interrogation. An interrogation is when you are not in custody, and a custodial interrogation is when you are in custody.